SHARECROPPING
Aim: What goals did Republican policymakers, ex-Confederates, and freepeople pursue during Reconstruction? To what degree did each succeed?
Bell Ringer: Review Journal 76. (5 min) A: Federal Reconstruction policies evolved because the policymakers included both Andrew Johnson and his cabinet and the Radical Republicans in Congress. When Johnson used his veto powers in an attempt to circumvent the 13th Amendment to the Constitution and allow the Black Codes to proliferate, Congress passed the Reconstruction Act, the 14th Amendment, and the 15th Amendment. When Johnson did not stop white Democrat paramilitary violence in the South, the Republican Congress passed legislation to increase funding for the Freedmen's Bureau and to eradicate the KKK. Johnson's lack of interest in protection for southern blacks resulted in the expansion of federal oversight of Reconstruction.
Agenda:
1. Reconstruction and Sharecropping: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTJw7J-Pm0Y (4 min)
2. Journal 77 - Why did sharecropping emerge, and how did it affect freepeople and the southern economy? (Complete 1 and 2 in 15 min)
3. Journal 77 / A: Because of the economic devastation wrought by the war, many southern planters did not have enough money to pay wages for agricultural labor. Instead, freedmen farmed the planter's land in exchange for a portion of the crop, a place to live, and tools. The relationship was an unequal one because the sharecropper was usually forced to borrow from the owner to make ends meet. Sharecropping left most freepeople in perpetual debt and therefore tied to the land by the burden. The system devastated the economic progress of freepeople and tied the southern economy to cotton, discouraging agricultural or industrial development.
4. Define the Union League, scalawags, and carpetbaggers. (5 min)
5. Exam Alert: The 2006 AP exam included a DBQ that asked students to "explain why and how the role of the federal government changed as a result of the Civil War with respect to two of the following: race relations, economic development, and westward expansion."
6. Building Black Communities: What did African Americans want from Reconstruction? To explore this question read Frederick Douglass's speech "What the Black Man Wants." This discussion can be extended to include the Jim Crow laws and segregation system after Reconstruction.
7. Civil Rights Act of 1875 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXhBDbcgF5E (2 min)
A. Granted all Americans equal access to all public places.
B. Set a penalty for anyone who denied equal access to someone else, due to race. (fine of $500)
C. Grants rights of all citizens, regardless of race, to serve on a jury.
*note: know the difference between the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
Terms to know: Ten Percent Plan, Black Codes, Freedmen's Bureau, Civil Rights Act of 1866, 14th Amendment, Reconstruction Act of 1867, Fifteenth Amendment, sharecropping, Union League, scalawags, carpetbaggers, Civil Rights Act of 1875, classical liberalism, Ku Klux Klan, Civil Rights Cases, Andrew Johnson, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Charles Sumner.
Chapter 15 Vocal. Quiz: tomorrow.
8. Begin working on Thinking Like a Historian 15, due tomorrow, Friday, January 12, 2018
9. Chapter 16 IDs, due Tuesday, January 16, 2018
Home Learning:
1. Journal 78 - Compare the results of African Americans' community building with their struggles to obtain better working conditions. What links do you see between these efforts?
2. "Reconstruction Chart" Please submit by Friday, January 12 before 4pm.
3. Complete Long Essay Question 3. Please submit by Friday, January 12 before 4pm.
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