OVERLAPPING REVOLUTIONS, 1800-1860: PART 4
Introduction: Analyze "Thematic Understanding" on page 283. In pairs or groups, select a column from the table. Analyze and present to the class major changes that happened in the the world according to your designated column between 1810 and 1850. (10 min)
Questions to Consider:
1. Look at the entries under "American and National Identity": what identities emerged in this period, and which issues shaped these developments?
2. In the "Work, Exchange, and Technology" theme, how did industrial output and the transportation system change over time?
(10 min)
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CHAPTER 9: TRANSFORMING THE ECONOMY
Aim: What were the causes and consequences of the Industrial and Market revolutions, and how did they change the way ordinary Americans lived?
Bell Ringer: Introduction to Period 4 activity (10 min)
Objectives:
1. WXT 2.0
Agenda:
1. Pop Quiz 5.1
A. a system of manufacture that divides production into a series of distinct and repetitive tasks performed by machines or workers.
B. an economy based on coal and metal that began to emerge in the 1830s, as manufacturers increasingly ran their machinery with coal-burning stationary steam engines rather than with water power.
C. A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell, Chicopee, and other sites. The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were required to attend church.
D. What crop did New England dominate around this period?
E. Inventor of the Cotton Gin
F. Organizations of workers that began during the Industrial Revolution to bargain with employers over wages, hours, and benefits.
THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
*Identify the point that you would mark as the beginning of the American Industrial Revolution.
2. The Division of Labor and the Factory (WXT)
*J55 / A: The division of labor increased output by dissecting the process of production into a number of stages. Each worker would complete only one stage. Each worker would complete only one stage of the process before moving the product to the next stage. This new production process took the power out of the workers' hands because it made workers replaceable and, therefore, more susceptible to exploitation.
*Figure 9.1
*mineral-based economy
3. The Textile Industry & British Competition (WOR)
*mechanics
*American & British Advantages, Better Machines, Cheaper Workers
* "The introduction of the factory system was a harmful development" - let's discuss
note:
*technological innovations led to dramatic shifts in manufacturing and agriculture
*the acceleration of a national and international market economy sparked debates over the government's role in the economy. The debate over tariffs highlights how regional loyalties often trumped national concerns.
4. American Mechanics and Technological Innovation (WXT)
*Brainstorm the ways in which the Industrial Revolution has changed society.
*J56 / A: Between 1840s and 1850s, American factories produced both finished products as well as improved technology for the production process. New products included woolen yarn with smooth surfaces, increasingly efficient waterwheels, woven wire sieves, riveted leather fire hoses, new paper products, locomotives, standardized parts for spinning jennies and weaving looms, Remington rifles, Singer sewing machines, and Yale locks.
*machine tools and Eli Whitney - best known for the cotton gin, his role in creating machine tools that could produce interchangeable musket parts is extremely significant as well. Let's discuss the long-term impact of both the cotton gin on southern (and national and international) economic development and of interchangeable parts on the development of the northern economy.
5. Wageworkers and the labor Movement (WXT)
*artisan republicanism (its decline), unions
*J57 / A: Outwork and factory systems led to a decrease in the standard of living, and the loss of social equality, independence as a craft worker, working-class identity, and the ability to control labor conditions. Wageworkers responded by forming unions to protest their working rights. Strikes sometimes occurred when workers felt threatened by their employers.
*Labor Ideology / labor theory of value
Terms to know: Industrial Revolution, division of labor, mineral-based economy, mechanics, Lowell System, machine tools, unions, labor theory of value,
Home Learning:
1. Read pages 293-301
2. Journal 58 - Which was more important in the Market Revolution, government support for transportation or technological innovations, and why was that the case?
3. Journal 59 - What different types of cities emerged between 1820 and 1860, and what caused their growth?
Pop Quiz 5.1 answers
A. division of labor
B. mineral-based economy
C. Lowell System
D. Cotton
E. Eli Whitney
F. unions
Section Assignments
Market Revolution (define) - Sasha
The Transportation Revolution Forges Regional Ties - Suggi
Canals and Steamboats Shrink Distance - Damariz
Railroads Link the North and Midwest - Brandon
The Growth of Cities and Towns - Jeniffer
